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Compare Macau (2003) - Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2003)

Compare Macau (2003) z Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2003)

 Macau (2003)Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2003)
 MacauMacedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Administrative divisions none (special administrative region of China) 123 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aracinovo, Bac, Belcista, Berovo, Bistrica, Bitola, Blatec, Bogdanci, Bogomila, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Cair (Skopje), Capari, Caska, Cegrane, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer-Sandevo, Debar, Delcevo, Delogozdi, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dobrusevo, Dolna Banjica, Dolneni, Dorce Petrov (Skopje), Drugovo, Dzepciste, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Izvor, Jegunovce, Kamenjane, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Klecevce, Kocani, Konce, Kondovo, Konopiste, Kosel, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kuklis, Kukurecani, Kumanovo, Labunista, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Lukovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovi Anovi, Meseista, Miravci, Mogila, Murtino, Negotino, Negotino-Polosko, Novaci, Novo Selo, Oblesevo, Ohrid, Orasac, Orizari, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Podares, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Rostusa, Samokov, Saraj, Sipkovica, Sopiste, Sopotnica, Srbinovo, Star Dojran, Staravina, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Topolcani, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Velesta, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vitoliste, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Vratnica, Vrutok, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zeleno, Zitose, Zletovo, Zrnovci


note: the seven municipalities followed by Skopje in parentheses collectively constitute "greater Skopje"
Age structure 0-14 years: 20.9% (male 51,078; female 47,118)


15-64 years: 71.8% (male 159,500; female 178,043)


65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,930; female 20,234) (2003 est.)
0-14 years: 21.9% (male 235,102; female 217,574)


15-64 years: 67.5% (male 700,929; female 691,552)


65 years and over: 10.6% (male 96,039; female 121,926) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables, livestock rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton
Airports 1 (2002) 18 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
total: 10


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


under 914 m: 8 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 8


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 4 (2002)
Area total: 25.4 sq km


land: 25.4 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 25,333 sq km


land: 24,856 sq km


water: 477 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than Vermont
Background Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years. International recognition of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's (F.Y.R.O.M.) independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols. Greece finally lifted its trade blockade in 1995, and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, despite continued disagreement over F.Y.R.O.M.'s use of "Macedonia." F.Y.R.O.M.'s large Albanian minority, an ethnic Albanian armed insurgency in F.Y.R.O.M. in 2001, and the status of neighboring Kosovo continue to be sources of ethnic tension.
Birth rate 12.07 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 13.2 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.41 billion


expenditures: $1.19 billion, including capital expenditures of $194 million (2002)
revenues: $1.13 billion


expenditures: $1.02 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital - Skopje
Climate subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Coastline 41 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991


note: in November of 2001, the Macedonian Parliament approved a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights
Country name conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region


conventional short form: Macau


local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)


local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia


conventional short form: none


local long form: Republika Makedonija


local short form: Makedonija


abbreviation: F.Y.R.O.M.
Currency pataca (MOP) Macedonian denar (MKD)
Death rate 3.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 7.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $255 million (2000 est.) $1.3 billion (2001 est.)
Dependency status special administrative region of China -
Diplomatic representation from the US the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong chief of mission: Ambassador Laurence Edward BUTLER


embassy: Bul. Ilinden bb, 91000 Skopje


mailing address: American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, 7120 Skopje Place, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)


telephone: [389] 116-180


FAX: [389] 117-103
Diplomatic representation in the US none (special administrative region of China) chief of mission: Ambassador Nikola DIMITROV


chancery: Suite 302, 1101 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 337-3063


FAX: [1] (202) 337-3093


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international none the Albanian government calls for the protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians in F.Y.R.O.M. while continuing to seek regional cooperation; ethnic Albanians in Kosovo continue to protest 2000 F.Y.R.O.M.-Serbia and Montenegro boundary treaty, which transfers small tracts of land to F.Y.R.O.M.; dispute with Greece over country's name persists
Economic aid - recipient $NA $150 million (2001 est.)
Economy - overview Macau's economy four years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 39% of GDP with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew an estimated 9.5% in 2002. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 63% of government revenue. The liberalization of Macao's gambling monopoly may contribute to GDP growth, as the three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion - roughly 33% of GDP - in the territory. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. Growth fell to 4% in 2003, according to early government forecasts, with the drop in large measure due to concerns over the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). At independence in November 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on Yugoslavia, one of its largest markets, and a Greek economic embargo over a dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP subsequently rose each year through 2000. However, the leadership's commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank 4.5% because of decreased trade, intermittent border closures, increased deficit spending on security needs, and investor uncertainty. Growth barely recovered in 2002 to 0.3%, then rose to 2.8% in 2003. Unemployment at one-third of the workforce remains the most critical economic problem. But even this issue is overshadowed by the fragile political situation.
Electricity - consumption 1.688 billion kWh (2002) 6.112 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 1 million kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 193 million kWh (2002) 100 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 1.611 billion kWh (2002) 6.465 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel: 83.7%


hydro: 16.3%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
lowest point: Vardar River 50 m


highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,753 m
Environment - current issues NA air pollution from metallurgical plants
Environment - international agreements - party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.8%, Roma 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.3% (1994)
Exchange rates patacas per US dollar - 8.03 (2002), 8.03 (2001), 8.03 (2000), 7.99 (1999), 7.98 (1998) Macedonian denars per US dollar - 64.35 (2002), 68.04 (2001), 65.9 (2000), 56.9 (1999), 54.46 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003)


head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen


elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms
chief of state: President Boris TRAJKOVSKI (since 15 December 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 1 November 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - current cabinet formed by the government coalition parties SDSM, LDP, and DUI (or BDI)


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); prime minister elected by the Assembly; election last held 1 November 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: Boris TRAJKOVSKI elected president on second-round ballot; percent of vote - Boris TRAJKOVSKI 52.4%, Tito PETKOVSKI 46.2%; Branko CRVENKOVSKI elected prime minister by Parliament with 72% of the vote
Exports NA (2001) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and steel
Exports - partners US 48.6%, China 15.5%, Germany 7.4%, Hong Kong 5.8%, UK 5.4% (2002) Germany 19.2%, Italy 9.2%, US 6.7%, Croatia 5.5%, Greece 4.6% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller a yellow sun with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of the red field
GDP purchasing power parity - $8.6 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $10.57 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 1%


industry: 12%


services: 87% (2002 est.)
agriculture: 11%


industry: 31%


services: 58% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $18,500 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,100 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 9.5% (2002 est.) 0.7% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 22 10 N, 113 33 E 41 50 N, 22 00 E
Geography - note essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
Highways total: 271 km


paved: 271 km


unpaved: 0 km (2000)
total: 8,684 km


paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways)


unpaved: 3,144 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs - major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; while money laundering is a problem on a local level due to organized crime activities, the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports NA (2001) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities clothing, textiles, yarn, foodstuffs, fuel, automobiles, capital goods machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; food products
Imports - partners China 41.7%, Hong Kong 14.5%, Japan 6.7%, Taiwan 6.6%, South Korea 5%, France 4.3%, US 4.1% (2002) Greece 19.4%, Germany 14.4%, Bulgaria 7.5%, Slovenia 6.9%, Italy 6.9%, Turkey 5.9%, Ukraine 5%, Austria 4.1% (2002)
Independence none (special administrative region of China) 8 September 1991 referendum by registered voters endorsing independence (from Yugoslavia)
Industrial production growth rate NA% -5% (2002 est.)
Industries tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses
Infant mortality rate total: 4.42 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
total: 12.14 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 13.08 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 11.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -2.6% (2002 est.) 1.1% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO ACCT, BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 6 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 550 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region Supreme Court - Parliament appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - Parliament appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - Parliament appoints the judges
Labor force 214,000 (2002) 1.1 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation restaurants and hotels 12%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 68% (2002 est.) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total: 0.34 km


border countries: China 0.34 km
total: 766 km


border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100%


note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)
arable land: 23.59%


permanent crops: 1.85%


other: 74.56% (1998 est.)
Languages Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
unicameral Assembly or Sobranie (120 seats - 85 members are elected by popular vote, 35 members come from lists of candidates submitted by parties based on the percentage that a party gains from the overall vote; all serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Together for Macedonia coalition (SDSM and LDP) 60, VMRO-DPMNE 33, Democratic Union for Integration 16, Democratic Party of Albanians 7, Party for Democratic Prosperity 2, National Democratic Party 1, Socialist Party of Macedonia 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 81.87 years


male: 79.05 years


female: 84.82 years (2003 est.)
total population: 74.49 years


male: 72.23 years


female: 76.94 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 94.5%


male: 97.2%


female: 92% (2003 est.)
definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims not specified none (landlocked)
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force Army (ARM), Air and Air Defense Forces, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $200 million (FY01/02 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 6% (FY01/02 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 130,228 (2003 est.) males age 15-49: 553,988 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 71,826 (2003 est.) males age 15-49: 446,726 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 17,909 (2003 est.)
National holiday National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day Uprising Day, 2 August (1903); note - also known as Saint Elijah's Day and Ilinden
Nationality noun: Chinese


adjective: Chinese
noun: Macedonian(s)


adjective: Macedonian
Natural hazards typhoons high seismic risks
Natural resources NEGL chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber, arable land
Net migration rate 8.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -1.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines - gas 268 km; oil 120 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs Democratic Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic Union for Integration or DUI (also BDI) [Ali AHMETI]; Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSH [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Reform Option or VMRO-VMRO [Boris ZMEJKOVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National Democratic Party or PDK [Kastriot HAXHIREXHA]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD [Abdurrahman HALITI]; Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM [Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together for Macedonia coalition (including the SDSM and LDP) [Branko CRVENKOVSKI]; Union of Romanies of Macedonia or SRM [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] NA
Population 469,903 (July 2003 est.) 2,063,122


note: a census was taken 1-15 November 2002, but results are not yet available (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 24% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 1.72% (2003 est.) 0.4% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Macau none
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways 0 km total: 699 km


standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km electrified) (2002)
Religions Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) Macedonian Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services


domestic: NA


international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use 176,902 (November 2001) 408,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 158,251 (November 2001) 12,362 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2003) 31 (plus 166 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain generally flat mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Total fertility rate 1.32 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.75 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 6.3% (2002) 37% (2002 est.)
Waterways none note: lake transport only, on the Greek and Albanian borders
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